Published on in Vol 4 (2025)
Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are
available at
https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/70222, first published
.

1 UCI School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Irvine Health, Orange, United States
3 Department of Anesthesiology, UC Irvine Health, Orange, United States
*these authors contributed equally