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Proximal Effects of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Smoking Cessation With Wearable Sensors: Microrandomized Trial

Proximal Effects of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Smoking Cessation With Wearable Sensors: Microrandomized Trial

Individuals who smoked and were treatment-seeking received the JITAI and brief counseling, which were implemented in the first 2 weeks, along with 6 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Mindfulness-based content delivered via the JITAI was the primary treatment element. Data for the proximal effects of the MRT was acquired via ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Christine Vinci, Steve K Sutton, Min-Jeong Yang, Sarah R Jones, Santosh Kumar, David W Wetter

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e55379

Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions to Promote Behavioral Health: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions to Promote Behavioral Health: Protocol for a Systematic Review

JITAIs are defined by six elements: (1) distal outcome (long-term goal of the JITAI), (2) proximal outcome (short-term goal of the JITAI, which may be a mediator of the distal outcome), (3) tailoring variable (baseline or time-varying information on the individual that informs which interventions to deploy at which decision points), (4) decision point (time frame when an intervention option is, or is not, deployed), (5) decision rule (operationalization of which intervention option should be used, when, and

Lauren M Henry, Morkeh Blay-Tofey, Clara E Haeffner, Cassandra N Raymond, Elizabeth Tandilashvili, Nancy Terry, Miryam Kiderman, Olivia Metcalf, Melissa A Brotman, Silvia Lopez-Guzman

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e58917

Toward Tailoring Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention Systems for Workplace Stress Reduction: Exploratory Analysis of Intervention Implementation

Toward Tailoring Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention Systems for Workplace Stress Reduction: Exploratory Analysis of Intervention Implementation

A recent meta-analysis [36] has also shown that tailoring is an important aspect of JITAI design associated with greater efficacy. Despite JITAI systems’ potential to provide precision support [27], few studies demonstrate the value of just-in-time (JIT) support in improving user engagement [43,44].

Jina Suh, Esther Howe, Robert Lewis, Javier Hernandez, Koustuv Saha, Tim Althoff, Mary Czerwinski

JMIR Ment Health 2024;11:e48974

A Trauma-Informed, Geospatially Aware, Just-in-Time Adaptive mHealth Intervention to Support Effective Coping Skills Among People Living With HIV in New Orleans: Development and Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

A Trauma-Informed, Geospatially Aware, Just-in-Time Adaptive mHealth Intervention to Support Effective Coping Skills Among People Living With HIV in New Orleans: Development and Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

A JITAI provides individually tailored intervention content precisely when needed, typically by tapping into the key affordances of smartphone-based models of delivery. Key elements of a JITAI include decision points, the time points at which the precise provision of intervention content is decided; tailoring variables, the data inputs that determine the nature of the intervention content offered; and decision rules, which embed the logics of tailoring variables at each prespecified decision point [60,61].

Simone J Skeen, Stephanie Tokarz, Rayna E Gasik, Chelsea McGettigan Solano, Ethan A Smith, Momi Binaifer Sagoe, Lauryn V Hudson, Kara Steele, Katherine P Theall, Gretchen A Clum

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e47151

The Dosing of Mobile-Based Just-in-Time Adaptive Self-Management Prompts for Caregivers: Preliminary Findings From a Pilot Microrandomized Study

The Dosing of Mobile-Based Just-in-Time Adaptive Self-Management Prompts for Caregivers: Preliminary Findings From a Pilot Microrandomized Study

For example, if we find that longer sleep duration is related to higher JITAI efficacy, we can send more push notifications to those caregivers with longer sleep duration relative to caregivers with fewer sleep hours to maximize the benefit of the JITAI intervention. The results presented here comprise a subanalysis of data from the JITAI-arm of a larger behavioral randomized controlled trial feasibility and acceptability trial published elsewhere [27].

Jitao Wang, Zhenke Wu, Sung Won Choi, Srijan Sen, Xinghui Yan, Jennifer A Miner, Angelle M Sander, Angela K Lyden, Jonathan P Troost, Noelle E Carlozzi

JMIR Form Res 2023;7:e43099

Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention to Sit Less and Move More in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial

Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention to Sit Less and Move More in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial

It has been argued that conventional experimental designs are not sufficient to support the development of JITAIs because they do not enable researchers to determine empirically when a particular intervention component should be delivered and whether a JITAI that was delivered exerted the intended effect [10]. Traditional randomized controlled trial designs evaluate the overall effect of an intervention on a specific behavior or health outcome, not specific components of that intervention.

Reza Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara, David W Dunstan, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Yuxin Zhang, Mohamed Abdelrazek, Ralph Maddison

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e41502

A Digital Mental Health App Incorporating Wearable Biosensing for Teachers of Children on the Autism Spectrum to Support Emotion Regulation: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

A Digital Mental Health App Incorporating Wearable Biosensing for Teachers of Children on the Autism Spectrum to Support Emotion Regulation: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

The Keep Calm app is designed as a real-time electronic clinical decision support tool, otherwise known as a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) augmentation, a term coined in m Health [40]. JITAI augmentations are intervention supports designed to provide the right type or amount of support at the right time by adapting to a person’s changing internal and contextual state (eg, by tracking physiological stress, sleep quality, exercise or activity, temperature, and location).

Emma H Palermo, Amanda V Young, Sky Deswert, Alyssa Brown, Miranda Goldberg, Evan Sultanik, Jessica Tan, Carla A Mazefsky, Lauren Brookman-Frazee, James C McPartland, Matthew S Goodwin, Jeffrey Pennington, Steven C Marcus, Rinad S Beidas, David S Mandell, Heather J Nuske

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e45852