e.g. mhealth
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Individuals who smoked and were treatment-seeking received the JITAI and brief counseling, which were implemented in the first 2 weeks, along with 6 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Mindfulness-based content delivered via the JITAI was the primary treatment element. Data for the proximal effects of the MRT was acquired via ecological momentary assessment (EMA).
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e55379
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Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions to Promote Behavioral Health: Protocol for a Systematic Review
JITAIs are defined by six elements: (1) distal outcome (long-term goal of the JITAI), (2) proximal outcome (short-term goal of the JITAI, which may be a mediator of the distal outcome), (3) tailoring variable (baseline or time-varying information on the individual that informs which interventions to deploy at which decision points), (4) decision point (time frame when an intervention option is, or is not, deployed), (5) decision rule (operationalization of which intervention option should be used, when, and
JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e58917
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A recent meta-analysis [36] has also shown that tailoring is an important aspect of JITAI design associated with greater efficacy. Despite JITAI systems’ potential to provide precision support [27], few studies demonstrate the value of just-in-time (JIT) support in improving user engagement [43,44].
JMIR Ment Health 2024;11:e48974
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A JITAI provides individually tailored intervention content precisely when needed, typically by tapping into the key affordances of smartphone-based models of delivery. Key elements of a JITAI include decision points, the time points at which the precise provision of intervention content is decided; tailoring variables, the data inputs that determine the nature of the intervention content offered; and decision rules, which embed the logics of tailoring variables at each prespecified decision point [60,61].
JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e47151
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This work was conducted to inform the development of a future model-predictive controller-driven JITAI.
JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e52161
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For example, if we find that longer sleep duration is related to higher JITAI efficacy, we can send more push notifications to those caregivers with longer sleep duration relative to caregivers with fewer sleep hours to maximize the benefit of the JITAI intervention.
The results presented here comprise a subanalysis of data from the JITAI-arm of a larger behavioral randomized controlled trial feasibility and acceptability trial published elsewhere [27].
JMIR Form Res 2023;7:e43099
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It has been argued that conventional experimental designs are not sufficient to support the development of JITAIs because they do not enable researchers to determine empirically when a particular intervention component should be delivered and whether a JITAI that was delivered exerted the intended effect [10]. Traditional randomized controlled trial designs evaluate the overall effect of an intervention on a specific behavior or health outcome, not specific components of that intervention.
JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e41502
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The Keep Calm app is designed as a real-time electronic clinical decision support tool, otherwise known as a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) augmentation, a term coined in m Health [40]. JITAI augmentations are intervention supports designed to provide the right type or amount of support at the right time by adapting to a person’s changing internal and contextual state (eg, by tracking physiological stress, sleep quality, exercise or activity, temperature, and location).
JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e45852
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