Health Care Professionals’ and Parents’ Perspectives on the Use of AI for Pain Monitoring in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Multisite Qualitative Study

Nicole Racine   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Cheryl Chow   ^{2 *} , PhD ;   Lojain Hamwi   ² , BA ;   Oana Bucsea   ² , MA ;   Carol Cheng   ³ , MSc ;   Hang Du   ⁴ , MA ;   Lorenzo Fabrizi   ⁵ , PhD ;   Sara Jasim   ² , MA ;   Lesley Johannsson   ⁶ , BScN ;   Laura Jones   ⁵ , PhD ;   Maria Pureza Laudiano-Dray   ⁵ , MRes ;   Judith Meek   ⁷ , MBBS, PhD ;   Neelum Mistry   ⁵ , MSc ;   Vibhuti Shah   ⁸ , MSc, MD ;   Ian Stedman   ⁹ , LLB, PhD ;   Xiaogang Wang   ⁴ , PhD ;   Rebecca Pillai Riddell   ² , PhD

¹ School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

² Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

³ Department of Nursing, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁴ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁵ Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁶ Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁷ Neonatal Care Unit, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom

⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁹ School of Public Policy and Administration, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

*these authors contributed equally