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Applications of AI (851) Natural Language Processing (1224) Nursing (158) Focus Groups and Qualitative Research for Human Factors Research (1499) Digital Health Reporting Standards, Quality and Transparency in e-Research (209) Machine Learning (3041) Development and Evaluation of Research Methods, Instruments and Tools (1250) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (1409) AI for Writing and Research Communication (30)

Published on in Vol 4 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/64447, first published .
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Large Language Models for Thematic Summarization in Qualitative Health Care Research: Comparative Analysis of Model and Human Performance

Large Language Models for Thematic Summarization in Qualitative Health Care Research: Comparative Analysis of Model and Human Performance

Authors of this article:

Arturo Castellanos1 Author Orcid Image ;   Haoqiang Jiang2 Author Orcid Image ;   Paulo Gomes3 Author Orcid Image ;   Debra Vander Meer3 Author Orcid Image ;   Alfred Castillo3 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (32) Tweetations Metrics

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  1. Uzule K, Dehtjare J, Verina N, Ulbinaite A, Kitanovikj B. EXTENDING THE CONCEPT OF DIVERSITY IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCE EDUCATION TO INCLUDE AI SKILLS: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYEES AND EXPERTS’ INSIGHTS. Problems of Education in the 21st Century 2025;83(4):579 View
  2. Fehring L, Frings J, Rust P, Kempny C, Thürmann P, Meister S. Extension of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Guideline to Large Language Models (COREQ+LLM): Protocol for a Multiphase Study. JMIR Research Protocols 2025;14:e78682 View
  3. Eidenmüller T, Plavcan P, Weber M, Humpert R, Beernink L, Kampmann I, Ajiri D. Professional Self-Reflection in the Digital Age: Technological Tools for Managerial Development. Journal of Organizational Behavior Research 2025;10(3):62 View
  4. Antisdel J, Miller W, Groves D. Data Mining Trauma: AI-Assisted Qualitative Study of Cyber Victimization on Reddit. JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e75493 View
  5. Hairston J, Ranjan R, Lakamana S, Spadaro A, Bozkurt S, Perrone J, Sarker A. Automating inductive thematic analyses of health content using large language models: a proof-of-concept study using social media data. JAMIA Open 2025;8(5) View
  6. Jeong Y, Smith M, Gallo R, Knowlton L, Lin S, Shieh L. Leveraging ChatGPT for thematic analysis of medical best practice advisory data. JAMIA Open 2025;8(5) View
  7. Zhang H, Kreisberg A. Mapping Studies on Unauthorized Immigration in the International Migration Review: Results from Large-Language Models. Populations 2025;2(1):1 View
  8. Zhu J, Liu C. Exploring the Multidimensional Hierarchy of Sustainable Living Experience in Inclusive Innovation Districts: The Case of Silicon Alley. Sustainability 2026;18(1):550 View
  9. Wells C, Han A, Joseph N, Varghese C, O’Grady G, Bissett I. Learning from complaints about surgical care: a large language model-assisted sequential methods analysis. BMJ Quality & Safety 2026:bmjqs-2025-019556 View
  10. Lange M, Koutsouleris N, Carter B, Twumasi R. Generating Job Recommendations for People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Using Gemini 2.0 Flash and Claude Sonnet 4: An Exploratory Analysis. Healthcare Technology Letters 2026;13(1) View
  11. Marquard J, Martin C, Theesfeld S, Feldmann A, Trofholz A, Wick E, Melton G. Manual vs. AI-Assisted Qualitative Analysis: A Methodological Comparison of Nurse Perspectives on Surgical Recovery. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 2026;25 View
  12. Masukawa K, Sato Y, Kondo U, Ito S. Identifying the Characteristics of Palliative Care Information on Social Media Using a Qualitative and Sentiment Analysis Approach. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 2026 View
  13. Godby R, Cogan J, Cuker A, Garcia D, Lim M, Masias C, May J, Morton C, Schaefer J, Shah S, Zumberg M, Marshall A. Foundations of systems-based hematology: thematic analysis of expert interviews to guide curriculums and promote growth. Blood Advances 2026;10(6):2038 View
  14. Hill C, Dahil A, Simpson G, Hardisty D, Keast J, Pinn C, Dambha-Miller H, Winter M. Large language models for thematic analysis in healthcare research: A blinded mixed-methods comparison with human analysts. PLOS Digital Health 2026;5(4):e0001189 View
  15. Jozaghi E. Code Pink: Leverage Social Media Platforms to Bypass Traditional Media Gatekeepers and Construct Alternative Public Narratives. Journalism and Media 2026;7(2):94 View
  16. Gupta D, Martin P, Pruett T. Potential Impact of Probabilistic Survival Information on Kidney Accept/Decline Decisions: A Survey of the National Kidney Foundation’s Community. Transplantation 2026;110(7):e1507 View
  17. Zhang Y, Huang Z, Gao Q. Workplace Chinese training in a Chinese-managed factory in Morocco: a transfer-sensitive CIPP evaluation. Frontiers in Psychology 2026;17 View
  18. Jozaghi E. “Not My King”: A Qualitative Examination of Anti-Monarchist Movement via YouTube. Journalism and Media 2026;7(2):107 View
  19. Bazilinskyy P, Heikoop D, Verstegen R, Martens M, de Winter J. How should drivers’ use of Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS) be assessed? A study with experienced driving assessors in a Wizard-of-Oz vehicle. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2026;234:108592 View
  20. Hill C, Keast J, Dahil A, Dambha-Miller H. Multimorbidity and AI-enabled health and social care: A methodological illustration of integrating large language models into qualitative analytic workflows. Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity 2026;16 View
  21. Meyer F, Miggelbrink J, Nguyễn P. Acceleration and Recursion in AI-Mediated Qualitative Research: Discussing Adapted Criteria for Qualitative Inquiry in the Techno-Epistemic Age. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 2026;25 View
  22. Satanassi S, Erduran S. Epistemic aims and values of quantum computation in foundational research papers and implications for education. Physical Review Physics Education Research 2026;22(1) View
  23. AlGhamdi R. From Code Variability to Theme Convergence: AI–Human Alignment in Thematic Analysis With Claude Code. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 2026;25 View
  24. Kempny C, Frings J, Rust P, Meister S, Fehring L. The use and methodological reporting of large language models in qualitative research: a scoping review. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2026;26(1) View
  25. Umer M, Asif M, Xue S, Jones B, Dennis C, Naeem F, Mulsant B, Husain M. Using ChatGPT for thematic analysis of qualitative interviews in cultural research: a methodological investigation. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 2026;122:105071 View
  26. Tiong S, Yang X, Touzet A, Millward C, Zipser C, Tetreault L, Gharooni A, Davies B, Chen K. AI-assisted thematic synthesis of existing neurological core outcome sets: A descriptive reference framework (COS-Neuro). PLOS One 2026;21(6):e0333864 View
  27. Fan G, Liu D, Pan L, Zhang R, Guo Q. Multi-LLM Persona Generation for Virtual Focus Groups in Software Engineering: A Controlled, Multi-domain Study of Emotional Requirements Elicitation. Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering 2026;3(FSE):2027 View
  28. Assuncao W, Zaina L, Choma J. UXTracker: A Tool for Conducting and Analyzing Longitudinal User Experience Studies EICS018. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2026;10(4):1 View
  29. Bai Y, Finkelstein J. Multimodule Human–Artificial Intelligence Collaboration Pipeline for Large Language Model–Assisted Thematic Analysis Across Digital Health Interview Studies: Comparative Evaluation Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2026;14:e96129 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Zahid O, Hsiang-Pan J, Arastoopour Irgens G, Behboudi A, Lane A. Advances in Quantitative Ethnography. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Behmanush H, Akhtari F, Nooripour R, Weber I, Cannanure V. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies. Online Learning and GenAI: Supporting Women’s Aspirations Amid Socio-Political Instability in Afghanistan View
  2. Bai Y, Gabriel A, Finkelstein J. 2025 IEEE 16th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). Human–AI Collaboration Pipeline for Thematic Analysis: Example of VR-Supported Pulmonary Rehabilitation View