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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Applications of AI (854) Theoretical Frameworks and Concepts (509) Natural Language Processing (1225) Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing for Public Health (150) AI Language Models in Health Care (693)

Published on in Vol 4 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/72153, first published .
CLEVER: New evaluation methodology for Large Language Models in Healthcare

Clinical Large Language Model Evaluation by Expert Review (CLEVER): Framework Development and Validation

Clinical Large Language Model Evaluation by Expert Review (CLEVER): Framework Development and Validation

Authors of this article:

Veysel Kocaman1 Author Orcid Image ;   Mustafa Aytuğ Kaya2 Author Orcid Image ;   Andrei Marian Feier1 Author Orcid Image ;   David Talby1 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (7) Tweetations Metrics

Journals

  1. Tan C, Gunasekeran D, Low C, Sim G, Foo D, Morris R, Wong T. Regulation of clinical Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Age of Agents: Unconfined Non-Deterministic Clinical Software (UNDCS) systems for healthcare. npj Digital Medicine 2026;9(1) View
  2. Yeh Y, Shih M, De Backer D, Celi L, See K, Fujii T, Ling L, Mongkolpun W, Hu H, Chen H, Chen W, Cholley B, Fong K, Ryu H, Na S, Egi M, Chan W, Chen K, Kamaleswaran R, Chuang Y, Yang C, Hsiao W, Lai S, Ku D, Jahan A, Martin G. The IMPACT framework for evaluating generative AI in critical care: development and multinational consensus validation. Annals of Intensive Care 2026;16:100078 View
  3. Cheng A, Elkhadrawy A, Setzen S, Li A, Biskaduros A, Kostas J, Rameau A. Evaluating Injection Laryngoplasty Skills Using a Foundation Model: A Feasibility Study. The Laryngoscope 2026 View
  4. Sulaimanov U, Sanlier N, Moniri A, Demir B, Serikkanov Y, Bayramoglu A, Al-Jebur M, Sanlier M, Erginoglu U, Otles E, Ammanuel S, Keles A, Erginoglu U, Baskaya M. Evaluating Large Language Models for Automated Evidence Synthesis in Neuroimaging AI: A Multi-Model Benchmark. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2026;15(11):4230 View
  5. Sha Y, Yu L, Lin Z, Kaur A, Lou Y, Gornale S, Zhang T, Wong L, Wang Z, Yan Y, Zhang X, Hong R, Li K, Im S, de Carvalho P, Tan T, Li K. A roadmap for medical large language models: a review of foundations, applications, and challenges. Military Medical Research 2026;13(1):100050 View
  6. Eryılmaz B, Arzideh K, Bahn M, Damm H, Warmer S, Schäfer H, Idrissi-Yaghir A, Pakull T, Albrecht L, Kleesiek J, Lodde G, Friedrich C, Livingstone E, Schadendorf D, Borys K, Nensa F, Hosch R. Extracting Medical Information From Unstructured Clinical Text Using Large Language Models to Enhance Health Care Interoperability: Proof-of-Concept Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2026;28:e92413 View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Deva R, Thapa A, Mehta Z, Kapile S, Jalota S, Karusala N, Ismail A. Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. LLM Evaluation as Sociotechnical Practice: Experiences from a Research-Practice Partnership in Community Health View