Application of Language Models for the Analysis of Adverse Drug Events in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: Scoping Review

Oren Schreier   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Anthony Yazdani   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Ioannis Galdadas   ^{2, 3, 4 *} , PhD ;   Ryme Kabak   ⁵ , MSc ;   Francesco Luigi Gervasio   ^{2, 3, 4, 6} , PhD ;   Gang Mu   ⁷ , PhD ;   Douglas Teodoro   ¹ , PhD

¹ Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

² School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

³ Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

⁴ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

⁵ Johnson & Johnson World Headquarters, Bridgewater, NJ, United States

⁶ Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom

⁷ Cilag GmbH International, Zug, Switzerland

*these authors contributed equally