Variation in Medical Ethics Recommendations Across Large Language Models: Case-Based Audit Study

Yasuhito Mitsuyama   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , MD, PhD ;   Ko Watanabe   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Shannon Walston   ² , PhD ;   Hirotaka Takita   ^{2, 4} , MD, PhD ;   Kenichi Saito   ² , MD ;   Shoya Ishimaru   ^{3, 5} , PhD ;   Daiju Ueda   ^{2, 3} , MD, PhD

¹ Smart Data & Knowledge Services, German Research Center of Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

² Department of Artificial Intelligence, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan

³ Research Institute for Innovation and Co-Creation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan

⁴ Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan

⁵ Department of Core Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan

*these authors contributed equally