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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Applications of AI (358) Clinical Information and Decision Making (2105) Artificial Intelligence (2397) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (842) AI Language Models in Health Care (267)

Published on in Vol 5 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/78764, first published .
Integrating Confidence, Difficulty, and Language Model Calibration for Better Explainability in Clinical Documents Coding: Applications of AI

Integrating Confidence, Difficulty, and Language Model Calibration for Better Explainability in Clinical Documents Coding: Applications of AI

Integrating Confidence, Difficulty, and Language Model Calibration for Better Explainability in Clinical Documents Coding: Applications of AI

Authors of this article:

Mihai Horia Popescu1 Author Orcid Image ;   Kevin Roitero1 Author Orcid Image ;   Vincenzo Della Mea1 Author Orcid Image
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Mihai Horia Popescu   1 * , PhD ;   Kevin Roitero   1 * , PhD ;   Vincenzo Della Mea   1 * , PhD

1 Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics (DMIF), University of Udine, Udine, Italy

*all authors contributed equally

Corresponding Author:

  • Mihai Horia Popescu, PhD
  • Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics (DMIF)
  • University of Udine
  • via Delle Scienze, 206
  • Udine 33100
  • Italy
  • Phone: 39 0432 558400
  • Email: mihaihoria.popescu@uniud.it