Foundation Models and Their Applications in AI

Articles published in this theme: 57 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2026

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Deep Research Agents: Major Breakthrough or Incremental Progress for Medical AI?

Matthew Yu Heng Wong, Ariel Yuhan Ong, David A Merle, Pearse A Keane

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Mar 26); 28:e88195

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Using Natural Language Prompts With AI Models for Low-Cost Assistive Software Design: Exploratory Comparative Evaluation

Francesc Antoni Bañuls-Lapuerta, Vicent Marti-Miralles, Rómulo Jacobo Gónzalez-García, Gabriel Martínez-Rico

JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2026 (Mar 24); 13:e86786

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Large Language Model–Based Agents for Physical Activity and Cognitive Training: Scoping Review

Alessandro Silacci, Benedetta Giachetti, Leonardo Angelini, Nicola Francesco Lopomo, Giuseppe Andreoni, Elena Mugellini, Mauro Cherubini, Maurizio Caon

JMIR AI 2026 (Mar 12); 5:e80123

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Clinical Evidence Linkage From the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2024 Conference Poster Images Using Generative AI: Exploratory Observational Study

Carlos Areia, Michael Taylor

JMIR AI 2026 (Feb 05); 5:e78148

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Human–Generative AI Interactions and Their Effects on Beliefs About Health Issues: Content Analysis and Experiment

Linqi Lu, Yanshu Sybil Wang, Jiawei Liu, Douglas M McLeod

JMIR AI 2026 (Feb 04); 5:e80270

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Performance of a Small Language Model Versus a Large Language Model in Answering Glaucoma Frequently Asked Patient Questions: Development and Usability Study

Adriano Cypriano Faneli, Rafael Scherer, Rohit Muralidhar, Marcus Guerreiro-Filho, Luiz Beniz, Verônica Vilasboas-Campos, Douglas Costa, Alessandro A Jammal, Felipe A Medeiros

JMIR AI 2026 (Jan 06); 5:e72101

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2025

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Assessing the Limitations of Large Language Models in Clinical Practice Guideline–Concordant Treatment Decision-Making on Real-World Data: Retrospective Study

Tobias Roeschl, Marie Hoffmann, Djawid Hashemi, Felix Rarreck, Nils Hinrichs, Tobias Daniel Trippel, Matthias I Gröschel, Axel Unbehaun, Christoph Klein, Jörg Kempfert, Henryk Dreger, Benjamin O'Brien, Gerhard Hindricks, Felix Balzer, Volkmar Falk, Alexander Meyer

JMIRx Med 2025 (Nov 03); 6:e74899

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Human-Machine Agreement in Medical Ethics: Patient Autonomy Case-Based Evaluation of Large Language Models

Vamshi Mugu, Brendan Carr, Ashish Khandelwal, Mike Olson, John Schupbach, John Zietlow, T N Diem Vu, Alex Chan, Christopher Collura, John Schmitz

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Oct 23); 13:e77061

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Aiding Large Language Models Using Clinical Scoresheets for Neurobehavioral Diagnostic Classification From Text: Algorithm Development and Validation

Kaiying Lin, Abdur Rasool, Saimourya Surabhi, Cezmi Mutlu, Haopeng Zhang, Dennis P Wall, Peter Washington

JMIR AI 2025 (Oct 21); 4:e75030

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Improving Large Language Model Applications in the Medical and Nursing Domains With Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Scoping Review

Yiqun Miao, Yuhan Zhao, Yuan Luo, Huiying Wang, Ying Wu

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Oct 21); 27:e80557

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Fine-Tuning Methods for Large Language Models in Clinical Medicine by Supervised Fine-Tuning and Direct Preference Optimization: Comparative Evaluation

Thomas Savage, Stephen P Ma, Abdessalem Boukil, Ekanath Rangan, Vishwesh Patel, Ivan Lopez, Jonathan Chen

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Sep 23); 27:e76048

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Performance of DeepSeek and GPT Models on Pediatric Board Preparation Questions: Comparative Evaluation

Masab Mansoor, Andrew Ibrahim, Ali Hamide

JMIR AI 2025 (Aug 27); 4:e76056

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Domain-Specific Pretraining of NorDeClin-Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers for International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Code Prediction in Norwegian Clinical Texts: Model Development and Evaluation Study

Phuong Dinh Ngo, Miguel Ángel Tejedor Hernández, Taridzo Chomutare, Andrius Budrionis, Therese Olsen Svenning, Torbjørn Torsvik, Anastasios Lamproudis, Hercules Dalianis

JMIR AI 2025 (Aug 25); 4:e66153

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Personalization of AI Using Personal Foundation Models Can Lead to More Precise Digital Therapeutics

Peter Washington

JMIR AI 2025 (Aug 21); 4:e55530

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Application of Large Language Models in Stroke Rehabilitation Health Education: 2-Phase Study

Shiqi Qiang, Haitao Zhang, Yang Liao, Yue Zhang, Yanfen Gu, Yiyan Wang, Zehui Xu, Hui Shi, Nuo Han, Haiping Yu

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jul 22); 27:e73226

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Performance of Large Language Models in Numerical Versus Semantic Medical Knowledge: Cross-Sectional Benchmarking Study on Evidence-Based Questions and Answers

Eden Avnat, Michal Levy, Daniel Herstain, Elia Yanko, Daniel Ben Joya, Michal Tzuchman Katz, Dafna Eshel, Sahar Laros, Yael Dagan, Shahar Barami, Joseph Mermelstein, Shahar Ovadia, Noam Shomron, Varda Shalev, Raja-Elie E Abdulnour

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jul 14); 27:e64452

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Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Jeremy A Balch, Sasank S Desaraju, Victoria J Nolan, Divya Vellanki, Timothy R Buchanan, Lindsey M Brinkley, Yordan Penev, Ahmet Bilgili, Aashay Patel, Corinne E Chatham, David M Vanderbilt, Rayon Uddin, Azra Bihorac, Philip Efron, Tyler J Loftus, Protiva Rahman, Benjamin Shickel

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Jul 09); 13:e71176

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AI in Qualitative Health Research Appraisal: Comparative Study

August Landerholm

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Jul 08); 9:e72815

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Leveraging Large Language Models for Accurate Retrieval of Patient Information From Medical Reports: Systematic Evaluation Study

Angel Manuel Garcia-Carmona, Maria-Lorena Prieto, Enrique Puertas, Juan-Jose Beunza

JMIR AI 2025 (Jul 03); 4:e68776

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ChatGPT-Assisted Deep Learning Models for Influenza-Like Illness Prediction in Mainland China: Time Series Analysis

Weihong Huang, Wudi Wei, Xiaotao He, Baili Zhan, Xiaoting Xie, Meng Zhang, Shiyi Lai, Zongxiang Yuan, Jingzhen Lai, Rongfeng Chen, Junjun Jiang, Li Ye, Hao Liang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 27); 27:e74423

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