Foundation Models and Their Applications in AI

Articles published in 2025 in this theme: 51 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2025

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Assessing the Limitations of Large Language Models in Clinical Practice Guideline–Concordant Treatment Decision-Making on Real-World Data: Retrospective Study

Tobias Roeschl, Marie Hoffmann, Djawid Hashemi, Felix Rarreck, Nils Hinrichs, Tobias Daniel Trippel, Matthias I Gröschel, Axel Unbehaun, Christoph Klein, Jörg Kempfert, Henryk Dreger, Benjamin O'Brien, Gerhard Hindricks, Felix Balzer, Volkmar Falk, Alexander Meyer

JMIRx Med 2025 (Nov 03); 6:e74899

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Human-Machine Agreement in Medical Ethics: Patient Autonomy Case-Based Evaluation of Large Language Models

Vamshi Mugu, Brendan Carr, Ashish Khandelwal, Mike Olson, John Schupbach, John Zietlow, T N Diem Vu, Alex Chan, Christopher Collura, John Schmitz

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Oct 23); 13:e77061

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Aiding Large Language Models Using Clinical Scoresheets for Neurobehavioral Diagnostic Classification From Text: Algorithm Development and Validation

Kaiying Lin, Abdur Rasool, Saimourya Surabhi, Cezmi Mutlu, Haopeng Zhang, Dennis P Wall, Peter Washington

JMIR AI 2025 (Oct 21); 4:e75030

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Improving Large Language Model Applications in the Medical and Nursing Domains With Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Scoping Review

Yiqun Miao, Yuhan Zhao, Yuan Luo, Huiying Wang, Ying Wu

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Oct 21); 27:e80557

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Fine-Tuning Methods for Large Language Models in Clinical Medicine by Supervised Fine-Tuning and Direct Preference Optimization: Comparative Evaluation

Thomas Savage, Stephen P Ma, Abdessalem Boukil, Ekanath Rangan, Vishwesh Patel, Ivan Lopez, Jonathan Chen

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Sep 23); 27:e76048

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Performance of DeepSeek and GPT Models on Pediatric Board Preparation Questions: Comparative Evaluation

Masab Mansoor, Andrew Ibrahim, Ali Hamide

JMIR AI 2025 (Aug 27); 4:e76056

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Domain-Specific Pretraining of NorDeClin-Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers for International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Code Prediction in Norwegian Clinical Texts: Model Development and Evaluation Study

Phuong Dinh Ngo, Miguel Ángel Tejedor Hernández, Taridzo Chomutare, Andrius Budrionis, Therese Olsen Svenning, Torbjørn Torsvik, Anastasios Lamproudis, Hercules Dalianis

JMIR AI 2025 (Aug 25); 4:e66153

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Personalization of AI Using Personal Foundation Models Can Lead to More Precise Digital Therapeutics

Peter Washington

JMIR AI 2025 (Aug 21); 4:e55530

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Application of Large Language Models in Stroke Rehabilitation Health Education: 2-Phase Study

Shiqi Qiang, Haitao Zhang, Yang Liao, Yue Zhang, Yanfen Gu, Yiyan Wang, Zehui Xu, Hui Shi, Nuo Han, Haiping Yu

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jul 22); 27:e73226

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Performance of Large Language Models in Numerical Versus Semantic Medical Knowledge: Cross-Sectional Benchmarking Study on Evidence-Based Questions and Answers

Eden Avnat, Michal Levy, Daniel Herstain, Elia Yanko, Daniel Ben Joya, Michal Tzuchman Katz, Dafna Eshel, Sahar Laros, Yael Dagan, Shahar Barami, Joseph Mermelstein, Shahar Ovadia, Noam Shomron, Varda Shalev, Raja-Elie E Abdulnour

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jul 14); 27:e64452

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Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Jeremy A Balch, Sasank S Desaraju, Victoria J Nolan, Divya Vellanki, Timothy R Buchanan, Lindsey M Brinkley, Yordan Penev, Ahmet Bilgili, Aashay Patel, Corinne E Chatham, David M Vanderbilt, Rayon Uddin, Azra Bihorac, Philip Efron, Tyler J Loftus, Protiva Rahman, Benjamin Shickel

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Jul 09); 13:e71176

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AI in Qualitative Health Research Appraisal: Comparative Study

August Landerholm

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Jul 08); 9:e72815

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Leveraging Large Language Models for Accurate Retrieval of Patient Information From Medical Reports: Systematic Evaluation Study

Angel Manuel Garcia-Carmona, Maria-Lorena Prieto, Enrique Puertas, Juan-Jose Beunza

JMIR AI 2025 (Jul 03); 4:e68776

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ChatGPT-Assisted Deep Learning Models for Influenza-Like Illness Prediction in Mainland China: Time Series Analysis

Weihong Huang, Wudi Wei, Xiaotao He, Baili Zhan, Xiaoting Xie, Meng Zhang, Shiyi Lai, Zongxiang Yuan, Jingzhen Lai, Rongfeng Chen, Junjun Jiang, Li Ye, Hao Liang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 27); 27:e74423

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Digital Phenotyping for Detecting Depression Severity in a Large Payor-Provider System: Retrospective Study of Speech and Language Model Performance

Bradley Karlin, Doug Henry, Ryan Anderson, Salvatore Cieri, Michael Aratow, Elizabeth Shriberg, Michelle Hoy

JMIR AI 2025 (Jun 19); 4:e69149

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Supervised Natural Language Processing Classification of Violent Death Narratives: Development and Assessment of a Compact Large Language Model

Susan T Parker

JMIR AI 2025 (Jun 19); 4:e68212

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Large Language Model Architectures in Health Care: Scoping Review of Research Perspectives

Florian Leiser, Richard Guse, Ali Sunyaev

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 19); 27:e70315

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Analysis of the Political Viewpoint of Policy Statements From Professional Medical Organizations Using ChatGPT With GPT-4: Cross-Sectional Study

Ben Knudsen, Amr Madkour, Preetam Cholli, Alyson Haslam, Vinay Prasad

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Jun 13); 9:e66204

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Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Prediction Using Large Language Models With Feature Summarization and Hybrid Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Multicenter Methodological Study Based on Radiology Report

Ronghao Li, Shuai Mao, Congmin Zhu, Yingliang Yang, Chunting Tan, Li Li, Xiangdong Mu, Honglei Liu, Yuqing Yang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 11); 27:e72638

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A Knowledge-Enhanced Platform (MetaSepsisKnowHub) for Retrieval Augmented Generation–Based Sepsis Heterogeneity and Personalized Management: Development Study

Chi Zhang, Hao Yang, Xingyun Liu, Rongrong Wu, Hui Zong, Erman Wu, Yi Zhou, Jiakun Li, Bairong Shen

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 06); 27:e67201

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